Land report
2603 N 6th St
Shiraz Investment LLC
Assessment and City record timeline
The line tracks this property’s published City assessment. Markers show deeds, permits, inspections, licenses, violations, certifications, and appeals on their recorded dates. Select one to read the filing.
Assessments are tax-roll values, not sale prices or appraisals. OPA has published a 2027 assessment of $120,400. It is not yet the billed-year tax basis.
- OPA assessment · 2016$9K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2017$20K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2018$20K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2019$20K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2020$20K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2021$20K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2022$20K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2023$45K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2024$45K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2025$121K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2026$121K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- OPA assessment · 2027$120K assessed valueOPA’s value on the City tax roll for that year. It is not an appraisal, listing price, sale price, or live tax balance.How Philadelphia property assessments work ↗
- Deed / sale · 2004Deed / sale $800A recorded real-estate document or transfer event. The amount and date can be useful history, but the underlying deed and transfer-tax filing control the parties, consideration, and legal effect.How to read the recorded document ↗
- Permit · 2007-04-27PlumbingThis permit category usually covers water, drainage, fixtures, or other plumbing work. The approved scope—not the short category—defines what was authorized, and issuance alone does not prove completion.Philadelphia construction and repair permits ↗
- L&I violation · 2011-11-14CLIP VIOLATION NOTICEA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2011-11-14EXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAIA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2012-08-10VACANT LOT STANDARDA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2012-08-10CLIP VIOLATION NOTICEA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2014-07-22CLIP VIOLATION NOTICEA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2014-07-22EXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAIA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2015-06-17CLIP VIOLATION NOTICEA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2015-06-17EXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAIA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2016-06-02CLIP VIOLATION NOTICEA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2016-06-02EXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAIA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2016-06-02EXT A-MOTOR VEH MUST BE REMOVA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2019-06-21CLIP VIOLATION NOTICEA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2019-06-21EXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAIA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2020-10-15LITTER ON VACANT LOTSA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- Inspection · 2020-10-15L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- L&I violation · 2021-08-31LITTER ON VACANT LOTSA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- Inspection · 2021-08-31L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- L&I violation · 2022-08-18VACANT STRUCTURE & LANDA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- Inspection · 2022-08-18L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- L&I violation · 2023-10-26VACANT STRUCTURE & LANDA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- Inspection · 2023-10-26L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- L&I violation · 2024-05-31EXTERIOR AREA MOTOR VEHICLE WITHIN THE PROPERTY LINEA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2024-05-31VACANT STRUCTURE & LANDA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- Inspection · 2024-05-31L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- L&I violation · 2024-09-18VACANT STRUCTURE & LANDA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- Inspection · 2024-09-18L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- L&I violation · 2025-05-27EXTERIOR AREA MOTOR VEHICLE WITHIN THE PROPERTY LINEA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- L&I violation · 2025-05-27VACANT STRUCTURE & LANDA dated L&I enforcement row. Read the cited code, required correction, status, and later inspections together; the title alone does not establish the property’s current condition.How L&I violations and orders work ↗
- Inspection · 2025-05-27L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2020-11-16L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2020-11-30L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2021-10-14L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2022-11-01L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2022-11-01L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2023-11-22L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2023-12-14L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2024-06-26L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2024-06-29L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2024-10-28L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2024-10-28L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
- Inspection · 2025-08-06L&I investigationA dated L&I visit or review. Its type describes the inspection program; the separate result and later rows show whether that visit passed, failed, or led to follow-up.What Philadelphia inspections check ↗
Scroll horizontally to move through the years. Each icon sits on its recorded date; records without a day are labeled and centered within their year. Select one to explain the filing.
- InspectionL&I investigation
- L&I violationEXTERIOR AREA MOTOR VEHICLE WITHIN THE PROPERTY LINE
- L&I violationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- L&I violationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- L&I violationEXTERIOR AREA MOTOR VEHICLE WITHIN THE PROPERTY LINE
- L&I violationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- L&I violationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- L&I violationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- L&I violationLITTER ON VACANT LOTS
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- InspectionL&I investigation
- L&I violationLITTER ON VACANT LOTS
- InspectionL&I investigation
- L&I violationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
- L&I violationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
- L&I violationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
- L&I violationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
- L&I violationEXT A-MOTOR VEH MUST BE REMOV
- L&I violationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
- L&I violationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
- L&I violationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
- L&I violationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
- L&I violationVACANT LOT STANDARD
- L&I violationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
- L&I violationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
- L&I violationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
- PermitPlumbing
- Deed / saleDeed / sale $800
Verify the public record
Property tax
$1,691/year estimated property tax
2026 taxable assessment $120,800 × 1.3998%. This is an estimate, not a bill or account balance. The City maintains payments, credits, interest, and the current amount due.
OPA has published a 2027 assessment of $120,400. It is not the 2026 billed-year value.
Payments, credits, interest, and the current amount due are maintained by the City.
OPA 1922809012026 taxable assessment equals the full assessed value.
Historical delinquency sources Record found
This parcel did not match the June 2022 delinquency snapshot. That absence does not confirm the account is current today.
A separate historical parcel ledger ending in 2016 records $2,005.60 and a lien entry. It is shown as historical context only.
For a purchase, refinance, or closing, request the City’s official Property Payoff statement in Tax Center under “More options.”
Land report
Vacant land
Vacant land. Deeds, ownership, zoning, and the public-source record follow.
Historical lien entry · through 2016
Block context
2600 block of N 6th St. Compare parcels, ownership, and public-record history.
See the whole block →Next door: 2601 N 6th St · 2605 N 6th St
L&I licenses checked through Jul 28, 2026
No business or residential license records
No business license or residential registration matched this OPA parcel in the latest City data.
Open every source row 43 dated rows
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2025-048485 · PASSED
The cited inspection visit was marked passed.
- ViolationEXTERIOR AREA MOTOR VEHICLE WITHIN THE PROPERTY LINE
Case CF-2025-048485 · Violation VI-2025-036379 · Code PM15-302.8 · CLOSED
Resolution: CLOSED - WRITTEN IN ERROR City marked the record closed; open the case for the closing reason.
- ViolationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
Case CF-2025-048485 · Violation VI-2025-036378 · Code PM15-301 · CLOSED
Resolution: CLOSED - WRITTEN IN ERROR City marked the record closed; open the case for the closing reason.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2025-048485 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2024-103064 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2024-103064 · PASSED
The cited inspection visit was marked passed.
- ViolationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
Case CF-2024-103064 · Violation VI-2024-079115 · Code PM15-301 · COMPLIED
Resolution: COMPLIED - BY ENFORCEMENT ACTION City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2024-103064 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2024-054189 · PASSED
The cited inspection visit was marked passed.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2024-054189 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- ViolationEXTERIOR AREA MOTOR VEHICLE WITHIN THE PROPERTY LINE
Case CF-2024-054189 · Violation VI-2024-043882 · Code PM15-302.8 · COMPLIED
Resolution: COMPLIED - OWNER REPAIR City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
Case CF-2024-054189 · Violation VI-2024-043881 · Code PM15-301 · COMPLIED
Resolution: COMPLIED - OWNER REPAIR City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2024-054189 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2023-112232 · PASSED
The cited inspection visit was marked passed.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2023-112232 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- ViolationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
Case CF-2023-112232 · Violation VI-2023-084107 · Code PM15-301 · COMPLIED
Resolution: COMPLIED - BY ENFORCEMENT ACTION City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2023-112232 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2022-084694 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2022-084694 · PASSED
The cited inspection visit was marked passed.
- ViolationVACANT STRUCTURE & LAND
Case CF-2022-084694 · Violation VI-2022-062230 · Code PM15-301 · COMPLIED
Resolution: COMPLIED - BY ENFORCEMENT ACTION City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2022-084694 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2021-084179 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- ViolationLITTER ON VACANT LOTS
Case CF-2021-084179 · Violation VI-2021-060759 · Code 10-715 · COMPLIED
Resolution: COMPLIED - BY ENFORCEMENT ACTION City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2021-084179 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2020-072485 · PASSED
The cited inspection visit was marked passed.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2020-072485 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- ViolationLITTER ON VACANT LOTS
Case CF-2020-072485 · Violation VI-2020-042036 · Code 10-715 · COMPLIED
Resolution: COMPLIED - BY ENFORCEMENT ACTION City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- InvestigationL&I investigation
Case CF-2020-072485 · FAILED
The cited inspection visit was marked failed; later rows may show follow-up or resolution.
- ViolationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
Case 691944 · Violation 5084013 · Code CP-01 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
Case 691944 · Violation 5084014 · Code PM-302.2/4 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
Case 536556 · Violation 3958097 · Code CP-01 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
Case 536556 · Violation 3958098 · Code PM-302.2/4 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationEXT A-MOTOR VEH MUST BE REMOV
Case 536556 · Violation 3958127 · Code PM-302.7/1 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
Case 486030 · Violation 3600058 · Code CP-01 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
Case 486030 · Violation 3600059 · Code PM-302.2/4 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
Case 443839 · Violation 3264052 · Code CP-01 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
Case 443839 · Violation 3264053 · Code PM-302.2/4 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationVACANT LOT STANDARD
Case 343595 · Violation 2534697 · Code PM-306.0/2 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
Case 343595 · Violation 2534696 · Code CP-01 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationCLIP VIOLATION NOTICE
Case 305951 · Violation 2277111 · Code CP-01 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- ViolationEXT A-VACANT LOT CLEAN/MAINTAI
Case 305951 · Violation 2277112 · Code PM-302.2/4 · COMPLIED
City marked this violation complied with; check the resolution date and live case for what was accepted.
- PermitPlumbing
Permit 71958 · COMPLETED
REPLACE 3/4" WATER SERVICE
- Recorded transfer$800 transfer
2004
Where this comes from
- Assessment, spec sheet & owner: OPA Property Assessments, Office of Property Assessment
- Sales & deed history: Realty Transfer Tax records, Recorder of Deeds
- Permits, violations & inspections: L&I Property History · Atlas
- Tax delinquency snapshot · June 2022: Real Estate Tax Delinquencies, Dept. of Revenue
- Historical tax ledger & liens · through 2016: Real Estate Tax Balances, Dept. of Revenue
- Current property-tax balance: Verify with Philadelphia Revenue
- Zoning appeals: L&I & Zoning Board appeals
- Neighborhood income & rents: US Census ACS 5-year estimates
- Historical mortgage rates: Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey, annual averages
- Imagery: Street photo © Google · Aerial © Esri, Maxar
Methodology & freshness
This report was assembled Jul 29, 2026, 1:37 PM ET. Available City datasets are queried from OpenDataPhilly (phl.carto.com) and the cited City ArcGIS feeds; record queries paginate rather than silently taking a first page. For this property: Permits: queried · Violations: queried · Investigations: queried · Appeals: queried · Licenses: queried · Building certifications: queried. “Unavailable” means the source query failed or was not supplied, not “no record.” Reports re-pull on view after seven days and on an overnight rolling schedule; citywide benchmarks recompute weekly. Source dates still govern: the parcel-level tax-delinquency snapshot is June 2022 and the separate detailed tax ledger ends in 2016, so neither establishes today’s balance. The live balance and date-effective payoff must be verified in Tax Center. AI-written passages are grounded in the assembled record and rejected if they state a number the record does not hold.
Official city record ↗ · L&I history ↗ · See the whole block · Download this record (JSON)
